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-also called The Day of Atonement, marks the culmination of ten days of repentance;

“… the tenth day of this seventh month is the Day of Atonement:
It shall be a holy convocation to you, and you shall afflict your souls;… You shall do no work throughout that day…

YOM KIPPUR IS THE MOST HOLY DAY OF THE YEAR AND IT MARKS GODS FORGIVENESS OF THE EARLY ISRAELITES AFTER THEY WORSHIPPED THE GOLDEN CALF WHILE MOSES RECEIVED THE TABLETS OF THE LAW FROM GOD ON MOUNT SINAI.

-Yom Kippur employs major themes;
• God judges the whole world – not only Jews, but all the nations of the world as well.
• There is always time for repentance
• Those who follow God have an obligation to help the wicked turn from their ways.

-JEWS EXPRESS THE AWARENESS OF THE SERIOUSNESS OF THIS DAY BY KEEPING AWAY FROM EVERYTHING PLEASURABLE

-The day before Yom Kippur is a preparation for the fast;
# Charity money should be set aside and brought to the synagogue before evening service
# One should ask forgiveness for one’s sins, not only to God, but also to the grieved party. God does not forgive unless the grieved party has first forgiven. This day is a deadline for reconciliation.
# The meal prior to the fast should be a festive one. Chicken soup, matzo balls or kreplach being the preferred food for Ashkenazi Jews, and boiled chicken with rice or couscous for the Sephardic Jews.

-The fast starts on the ninth day, before sundown while it is still light. It concludes the evening of the next day, when the stars appear, after sundown.
It is a day of total fasting; no eating and no drinking.

To further “afflict your souls” the oral Torah prohibits against washing and bathing (the kind done for pleasure or comfort ability, not for washing away dirt or upon rising in the morning), anointing one’s body, wearing of shoes (only shoes made of leather), and sexual relations.
Children under the age of nine should not be permitted to fast at all, as it may be injurious to their health.
The fast may only be broken for reasons of critical illness, or a woman in childbirth (from the moment she feels pain until three days after birth)

-It is customary to wear white on Yom Kippur, for purity and as a remembrance of the white robes (takhrikhim) in which the deceased are buried, and thus mellow the heart of the worshipper. The Morning Prayer on this day also remembers the personal deceased with the memorial service Yizkor. Kaddish, the prayer for the dead, is recited for the deceased family members. White is also worn because it represents purity and symbolizes the Prophetic promise;

THE CONCLUSION OF YOM KIPPUR IS MARKED BY THE SOUNDING
OF A LONG BLAST OF THE SHOFAR, SYMBOLIZING
“WHEN THE RAM’S HORN SOUNDED LONG..” MARKING THE CONCLUSION OF THE REVELATION AT SINAI.
(EXODUS 19:13).

AFTER HEARING THE SOUND OF THE SHOFAR, ONE GOES HOME TO BREAK THE FAST WITH THE CONCLUDING MEAL, WHICH IS A FESTIVE ONE, INCLUDING;
BAGELS WITH LOX, CREAM CHEESE, KUGELS AND MARINATED FISH SUCH AS HERRING FOR ASHKENAZI JEWS, WHEREAS SEPHARDIC JEWS SERVE EGGS, THE SYMBOL OF LIFE. Both Sephardim and Ashkenazim enjoy sweet foods with mild flavors, such as honey cake or fresh fruit. It is much like a brunch, with a feeling of lightness of soul and a spirit of looking forward to the New Year.

Following Yom Kippur one begins preparing for the festival of Succot (which begins 4 days after).

-KOL NIDRE (ALL VOWS) IS THE SERVICE THAT BEGINS YOM KIPPUR. IT IS ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS PASSAGES IN JEWISH LITURGY.

-The Prayer, written in Aramaic, is a legal formula that asks God to consider null and void any vows and promises we may make and fail to fulfill in the coming year.

-Historians have added another possible meaning to explain why Kol Nidre became so meaningful. During the middle ages, at the time of the Crusades and the inquisition, Jews were often forced to reject their faith and affirm their belief in Jesus. To save their lives, many Jews verbally assented and said they renounced their God and their Torah. In their hearts, they knew they would never agree to what they were forced to state with their lips. On the holiest day of the year, Jews began their services by asking forgiveness for these kinds of promises – and annul the conversion to Christianity.

NHEILA (TO CLOSE, TO SEAL) IS THE NAME OF THE CONCLUDING SERVICE OF YOM KIPPUR. BEFORE DARKNESS SETS, THE GATES OF HEAVEN CLOSE.

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