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THE FAST OF TISHA B’AV, THE 9TH OF AV, (AS WELL AS THE MINOR FAST DAYS OF THE YEAR) MOURN THE DESTRUCTION OF THE FIRST TEMPLE AND OF JERUSALEM. IT IS THE SADDEST AND MOST TRAGIC DAY OF THE YEAR. THE DESTRUCTION OF THE TEMPLE, THE RELIGIOUS CENTER OF THE PEOPLE, WAS NOT ONLY A RELIGIOUS DISASTER, BUT ALSO IT ALSO MARKED THE END OF THE FIRST AND SECOND JEWISH COMMONWEALTHS, AND THE EXILE OF MOST OF THE JEWISH PEOPLE FROM THEIR LAND.
(The First Temple was ransacked and burned to the ground by the Babylonians in 586 B.C.E., and by historical coincidence the destruction of the Second Temple by the Romans in 70 C.E. also fell on Tisha B’Av)

Also other tragic events in history have fallen on this day; It was on Tisha B’Av in 1492, that Spain ordered the decree of the inquisition.

# It is customary to remove the parokhet, the curtain from the Holy Ark, and the decorative cover from the Reader’s Table to emphasize the mournful character of the day.

# Religious adornments, symbols of beauty are not worn at the morning service; such as the Tallit and Tefillin

# Tisha B’Av marks the culmination of a period of three weeks observed in semi-mourning, beginning with “The Fast of the Seventeenth of Tammuz” (marking the first breach in the walls of Jerusalem made by the attacking Babylonian forces.)
No joyous occasions, or haircuts are allowed during this period.
These three weeks are divided into two different levels of the strictness of the mourning;
From the 17th day of Tammuz to 1st of Av – not so strict; meat and wine allowed.
From 1st of Av to 9th of Av – stricter; no meat, wine, swimming, or new clothes allowed.

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